Encryption is the process of converting original data (plaintext) into unreadable data (ciphertext). Decryption is the reverse process, converting ciphertext back to plaintext.
Encryption protects data by hiding it, while decryption reveals the hidden data. Both require the correct key to function properly.
Protecting data privacy, maintaining information confidentiality, preventing unauthorized access, and ensuring data integrity during transmission or storage.
Uses the same key for encryption and decryption. Examples: AES, DES. Faster but requires secure key exchange.
Uses a pair of keys (public and private key). Examples: RSA, ECC. More secure for key exchange but slower in processing.
Advantages: High data security, privacy protection. Disadvantages: Requires computational resources, key management complexity.